Motion picture camera

ABSTRACT

A motion picture camera with an adjustable rotary shutter and a diaphragm which is adjustable as a function of scene brightness. A lever is pivotable about a fixed axis to adjust the shutter and is movable radially of the axis to adjust the diaphragm independently of scene brightness as a function of the corresponding adjustment of the shutter.

United States Patent Inventors Johann Roth Schwabhausen; Alfred Roppel,Munich; Theodor Steibl, Maisach, Germany Appl. No. 779,051 Filed Nov.26, 1968 Patented May 18, 1971 Assignee Niezoldi /z Kramer GmbH Munich,Germany- MOTION PICTURE CAMERA 19 Claims, 1 Drawing Fig.

US. Cl 352/91, 352/ 141 Int. Cl G03b 7/14, G03b 21/36 Field of Search352/91, 141, 217, 208

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,065,777 12/ l 936Weissbrodt 352/217 3,116,659 1/1964 Waroux 352/141 3,124,033 3/1964Freudenschuss 352/ 141 3,246,944 4/ l 966 Winkler 352/91 3,436,1474/1969 French 352/141 3,438,701 4/1969 Saraber 352/141 3,444,798 5/ 1969Mayr et al 352/141X Primary Examiner-Louis R. Prince AssistantExaminer-Harry C. Post, III Attorney-Michael S. Striker ABSTRACT: Amotion picture camera with an adjustable rotary shutter and a diaphragmwhich is adjustable as a function of scene brightness. A lever ispivotable about a fixed axis to adjust the shutter and is movableradially of the axis to adjust the diaphragm independently of scenebrightness as a function of the corresponding adjustment of the shutter.

MOTION PICTURE CAMERA BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present inventionrelates to photographic apparatus in general, and more particularly toimprovements in motion picture cameras. Still more particularly, theinvention relates to improvements in motion picture cameras of the typecomprising an adjustable rotary shutter and a diaphragm which can changethe aperture size as a function of changes in scene brightness.

It is already known to provide a motion picture camera with a rotaryshutter which is adjustable to furnish one of several exposure times. Asa rule, the shutter comprises two blades which define alight-transmitting opening. One of the blades is movable angularly withreference to the other blade to thereby change the area of thelight-transmitting opening with attendant changes in exposure time. Whenthe shutter rotates at a given speed, e.g., at 18 revolutions persecond, the dimensions of the opening (as considered in thecircumferential direction of the shutter axis) will determine the'lengthof the interval during which the shutter permits passage of light whilethe shutter completes a full revolution. Adjustable shutters aredesirable features of motion picture cameras because the user is in aposition to make satisfactory exposures of rapidly moving objects byshortening the exposure time. This is of particular importance when thesubject moves at right angles to the optical axis. However, a shorteningof exposure time necessitates an appropriate adjustment of the aperturesize. This is a problem to many amateur photographers. Adjustments ofexposure time must be commensurate with adjustments of the diaphragm inorder to insure that the combination of shorter or longer exposure timeand the selected aperture size is satisfactory for making exposures at agiven scene brightness.

It is also desirable to provide a motion picture camera with fadingmeans which enables the user to produce well-known fade-in or fadeouteffects. This involves gradual opening or closing of the diaphragm or agradual change in exposure time from longest exposure time to zeroexposure time or vice versa. If the camera is provided with filmrewinding means, the fading means may be designed to produce fade-in orfadeout effects as well as double exposure of one or more film frames sothat the images of a next-following scene are superimposed upon theimages of the preceding scene. Such special effects are normallyproduced to indicate lengthy intervals between the filming of successivescenes or substantial changes in distance at which two successive scenesare filmed.

Attempts to construct a motion picture camera wherein changes inexposure time automatically entail appropriate changes in aperture sizeinclude the provision of a first adjusting mechanism which changes theexposure time by changing the angular position of one shutter blade withreference to the other shutter blade, and a second adjusting mechanismwhose operation is synchronized with that of the first mechanism andwhich serves to adjust the diaphragm in response to changes .in exposuretime, or vice versa. Such cameras are quite expensive and prone tomalfunction, and the two adjusting mechanisms take up much room which isat a premium in a compact motion picture camera for amateurs. As a rule,the second mechanism adjusts an auxiliary diaphragm which is placed infront of the photosensitive element in the circuit of the main diaphragmso that the amount of scene light which can reach the photosensitiveelement is changed as a function of changes in exposure time. Anotherdrawback of such cameras is that they must be provided with complicatedblocking devices which prevent adjustment of the diaphragm when the userwishes to change the exposure time independently of the aperture size orvice versa. It was found that the just described cameras are much tooexpensive because the provision of separate adjusting mechanisms andblocking devices increases the cost well beyond that which is warrantedfor the production of medium-priced or low-priced motion picture camerasfor amateur photographers.

SUMMARY OF THE lNVENTlON It is an object of our invention to provide asimple, inexpensive and compact motion picture camera which enables theuser to produce a variety of special effects and which also enables theuser to bring about automatic changes in exposure time in response tochanges in aperture size or vice versa.

Another object of the invention is to provide a motion picture camerawherein the manipulation of a single adjusting member suffices to effectappropriate changes in exposure time in response to changes in aperturesize or vice versa.

A further object of the invention is to provide a motion picture camerawherein the combination of selected aperture size and correspondingexposure time is best suited for making exposures at a given scenebrightness.

An additional object of the invention is to provide a camera whichembodies the above outlined features and wherein the means for effectingadjustments of exposure time and aperture size occupies little room andcomprises a small number of simple parts.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a camera wherein themeans which effects automatic adjustments in aperture size in.responscto changes in exposure time can also serve as a device which ismanipulated to make trick shots, particularly fade-in or fadeouteffects.

The improved motion picture camera comprises first adjustable exposuresetting means (preferably a diaphragm which changes the aperture size asa function of changes in scene brightness) arranges to furnish a rangeof aperture sizes, second adjustable setting means (preferablycomprising a rotary shutter wherein one of the blades is movableangularly with reference to the other blade to thereby change theeffective area of the light-transmitting opening) arranged to furnish arange of exposure times, and adjusting means movable between a pluralityof first positions in each of which the adjusting means adjusts one ofthe setting means (preferably the second adjusting means)- to furnish adifferent exposure value (i.e., a different exposure time). Theadjusting means is also movable to a second position from at least oneof its first positions to thereby adjust the other setting means(preferably the diaphragm) as a function of the adjustment of the onesetting means in the one first position of the adjusting means. Thus, bythe simple expedient of moving the adjusting means from one or morepredetermined first positions to the corresponding second position, theadjusting means can influence the diaphragm or the shutter so that thethus selected aperture size or exposure time is a function of thecorresponding exposure time or aperture size. The adjusting means maycomprise a lever which is pivotable about a fixed axis to move betweenits first positions and which is movable radially of such axis to moveto one or more second positions in one or more predetermined angularpositions.

The novel features which are considered as characteristic of theinvention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. Theimproved motion picture camera itself, however, both as to itsconstruction and its mode of operation, together with additionalfeatures and advantages thereof, will be best understood upon perusal ofthe following detailed description of certain specific embodiments withreference to the accompanying drawing.

FIGURE DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The single FIG. is a schematicfragmentary sectional view of a motion picture camera which embodies oneform of the invention.

DESCRIPTlON OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The drawing shows a portion of amotion picture camera which comprises a housing or body I provided witha pivot pin 2 for an adjusting lever 3 which can adjust two exposurevalue setting means, namely, an adjustable rotary shutter 4 and anadjustable diaphragm 45. The starting position of the adjusting lever 3is indicated by solid lines; in such starting position, the lever isdisengaged from the shutter 4 and the latter is thereby adjusted tofurnish an exposure time of maximum duration, for example, one-fortiethsecond. A biasing means 5, here show n as a helical return spring,operates between the housing 1 and lever 3 to maintain the latter instarting position whereby the lever abuts against a fixed stop 6.

The shutter 4 comprises two blades 8 and 9 which are rotatable about acommon axis and one of which (namely, the blade 9) can be turned withreference to the other blade (8) to thereby select another one of arange of exposure times. The blade 8 is fixedly secured to a shaft llwhich is driven by an electric motor 10. This motor is preferablydesigned to operate at several speeds in a manner not forming part ofthe present invention. The shaft 111 rotates in two walls l2, 13 whichform part of or are installed in the housing 1. The shutter blade 9 ismounted on an annular member 14 (hereinafter called sleeve for short)which is rotatable on the shaft 11 and is coupled therewith in such away that it can share all angular movements of the shaft ll but is alsoturnable with reference thereto. The coupling comprises a radial motiontransmitting pin 17 which extends through and outwardly beyond andaxially parallel slot 18 of the shaft 11 and into an internal helicalgroove 19 provided in the sleeve 14. The pin 17 is mounted in a plunger16 which is reciprocable in a blind bore 15 of the shaft lll and isbiased toward the adjusting lever.3 by a helical spring 20. The latterbears against the right-hand end face of the plunger 16 and reactsagainst the surface at the inner end of the blind. bore 115. When theplunger 16 is caused to move axially under or against the bias of thespring 20, the pin 17 moves along the axially parallel slot 18 in theshaft 11 and causes the sleeve 14 to change its angular position withreference to the shaft to thereby change the size of thelight-transmitting opening defined by the shutter blade 8, 9. Theexposed end of the plunger 16 has a socket for a spherical motiontransmitting member 21 which can be engaged by a plate 22 on theadjusting lever 3. Thus, when the lever 3 is pivoted in acounterclockwise direction, as viewed in the drawing, its plate 22 bearsagainst the spherical element 21 and changes the axial position of theplunger 16 to thereby select one of several exposure times by changingthe area of the light-transmitting opening between the shutter blades 8,9. As stated before, the starting position of the adjusting lever 3corresponds to the longest exposure time, for example, one-fortiethsecond at a frequency of i8 film frames per second.

The circuit of the electric motor 10 can be completed by closing amaster switch or starter switch 23. This switch causes energization of arelay 24 which is in series with a nonnally closed limit switch 26 and abattery 25 or an analogous energy source. When the operator closes themaster switch 23, the circuit of the relay 24 is completed from thepositive pole of the energy source 25, through the closed limit switch26, winding of the relay 24, master switch 23, and to the negative poleof the energy source. The thus energized relay 24 attracts its armature27 whereby the latter completes the motor circuit from the positive poleof the energy source 25, through the armature 27, winding of the motor10, and to the negative pole of the energy source.

Once the motor 10 is running to rotate the shaft ill of the shutterblade 8, and the operator decides to pivot the adjusting lever 3 in acounterclockwise direction, the plate 22 of the lever 3 effects axialmovement of the plunger 16 in a direction to compress the spring wherebythe shutter 4 furnishes progressively shorter exposure times until thelever 3 reaches its right-hand end position corresponding to zeroexposure time, i.e.. the area of the light-transmitting opening definedby the shutter blades 8, 9 for passage of light during each revolutionof the shutter 4 is then reduced to zero. The direction of axialmovement of the plunger 16 for the purpose of shortening the exposuretime is indicated by arrow A. As shown in the drawing, the blades 8, 9of the shutter 4 rotate in a plane which intersects the path of light 29from an objective lens 28 to an unexposed film frame 30. When theadjusting lever 3 reaches its right-hand end position, it automaticallyopens the limit switch 26 so that the relay 24 is deenergized and itsarmature 27 opens the circuit of the motor 10 whereby the shaft 111comes to a halt. In this way, the operator can produce a fadeout effectby gradually reducing the duration of exposure time from a maximumlength to zero. ln order to thereupon produce a fade-in effect, theoperator pivots the adjusting lever 3 in a clockwise direction (whilethe master switch 23 remains closed) whereby the limit switch 26 closesas soon as the lever 3 leaves its right-hand end position and energizesthe relay 24 which starts the motor 10. At the same time, the spring 20which expands as the lever 3 moves back toward starting position causesthe plunger 16 to change the angular position of the blade 9 withreference to the blade 8 so that the shutter 4 furnishes a series ofexposure times of gradually increasing duration. The fade-in effect iscompleted when the lever 3 returns into abutment with the stop 6.

The adjusting lever-3 can also serve as a means for selecting any one ofseveral intermediate exposure times and for thereupon maintaining theshutter 4 in a position in which the latter furnishes an exposure timeof desired duration. The drawing illustrates a camera which can furnishthree predetermined exposure times, namely, one-fortieth second when thelever 3 abuts against the stop 6, one-eightieth second when the leverregisters with a first notch 32, and one one-hundred-sixtieth secondwhen the lever registers with a second notch 33. The free end of thelever 3 is provided with a locking element 31 which can enter one of thenotches 32, 33 to thereby arrest the lever in one of four differentangular positions each of which corresponds to a different exposuretime. The other three angular positions are the right-hand end positionin which the lever 3 opens the limit switch 26 and the exposure time iszero, the starting position in which the lever 3 abuts against the stop6, and the position of registry with the other notch. The notches 32, 33can be provided in a panel 34 at the outer side of the housing 1 so thatthey can be readily detected by the operator, or the housing may beprovided with a suitable scale to indicate those positions of the lever3 in which the locking element 31 registers with the notch 32 or 33.

In accordance with a feature of our invention, the adjusting lever 3also serves as a means for adjusting the diaphragm 45 as a function ofselected exposure time. To this end, the lever 3 is movable radially ofthe pivot pin 2 to introduce its locking element 31 into the notch 32 or33. In order to insure proper retention of the lever 3 during pivotalmovement about the axis of the pin 2 as well as in each of its secondpositions, the lever is provided with an elongated slot 35 which extendsradially of the pivot pin 2 and is wide enough to permit angular as wellas radial movements of the lever. A detent element, here shown as anelastic split ring or washer 36, is fixed to the lever 3 and can expandin response to radial movement of the lever to permit entry of the pin 2into the lowermost position 37 of the slot (this lowermost portion 37registers with the central opening of the washer 36) or into the upperend portion 38 of the slot. The minimum width of the gap 36a between thetwo ends of the washer 36 (in unstressed condition of the washer) isless than the diameter of the pivot pin 2; therefore, the washer canyieldably hold the pin in the portion 37 or in the portion 38 of theslot 35. When the operator wishes to produce a fade-in or fadeout effector to maintain the lever 3 in starting position, the pin 2 is receivedin the portion 37 of the slot 35. When the locking element 31 is movedinto registry with the notch 32 or 33, the operator exerts upon thelever 3 a push or a pull (in downward direction, as viewed in thedrawing) to move the pin 2 into the portion 38 of the slot 33 wherebythe locking element 31 enters the notch 32 or 33 and remains in theselected notch until the lever 3 is forcibly moved radially of the pin 2".0 return the latter into the portion 37 of the slot 35.

The diaphragm 45 is adjusted in response to movement of the lockingelement 31 into or away from the notch 32 or 33 in the following way:This diaphragm is adjustable as a function of scene brightness by way ofa light meter 44 which is connected in series with a separate energysource 42 and with a photosensitive resistor 43 which is exposed toscene light. A lens 430 or the like is placed in front of thelight-sensitive surface of the resistor 43. The manner in which thelight meter 44 can move one vane 45a of the diaphragm 45 with referenceto the other vane 45b (or both vanes with reference to each other) inresponse to a change in resistance of the resistor 43 is well known andneed not be described here. The circuit of the light meter 44 furthercomprises two fixed resistors 40, 41 which are connected in parallelwith the photosensitive resistor 43 when the locking element 31 of theadjusting lever 3 respectively enters the notches 32, 33. Thisinfluences the light meter 44 which then adjusts the diaphragm 45 as afunction of scene brightness and as a function of the selected secondposition of the lever 3, i.c., as a function of the exposure time whichcorresponds to the respective angular position of the lever 3.

The adjusting lever 3 carries a conductor 3' which is connected with atap 43b at one end of the photosensitive resistor 43 and carries aterminal 48 provided on the locking element 31. The notches 32, 33respectively accommodate terminals 46, 47 in circuit with the fixedresistors 40, 41 When the lever 3 is moved to the second position 3A,its terminal 48 engages the terminal 46 and the fixedresistor 40 isconnected in parallel with the photosensitive resistor 43. When thelever 3 assumes a third position in which it registers with the notch33, its tenninal 48 engages the terminal 47 in the notch 33 and thephotosensitive resistor 43 is in parallel with the fixed resistor 41.The spring 5 performs the additional function of urging the terminal 48against the terminal 46 or 47, depending upon whether the lockingelement 31 is received in the notch 32 or 33. The resistances ofresistors 40, 41 are selected in such a way that the aperture sizedefined by the diaphragm 45 in the second and third positions of thelever 3 is a function of the corresponding exposure time (one-eightiethand one one-hundred-sixtiethsecond).

In order to reset the camera for normal operation, the user withdraws orexpels the locking element 31 from the notch 32 or 33 whereby the spring5 returns the lever 3 into abutment with the stop 6. The exposure timeis then one-fortieth second and the aperture size in only a function ofscene brightness, i.c., the fixed resistors 40, 41 are disconnected fromthe circuit of the light meter 44. in moving the locking element 31.from the notch 32 or 33, the operator must overcome the resistance ofthe detent means 36 because the pin 2 must be returned into the portion37 of the slot 35.

The improved motion picture camera is susceptible of many modificationswithout departing from the spirit of our invention. For example, theadjusting lever 3 or an analogous adjusting member can carry the sliderof a variable resistor which is connected in parallel with thephotosensitive resistor 43 so that the diaphragm 45 is adjusted inautomatic response to each angular displacement of the adjusting memberas a function of the corresponding exposure time. The light meter 44 canbe installed in a diagonal branch of a bridge circuit and the variableresistor is then installed in one am of the bridge circuit so thatvariations in its resistance in response to pivotal movement of theadjusting member influence the light meter and, by way of this lightmeter, the setting of the diaphragm as a function of the correspondingexposure time. I

It is further possible to provide a mechanical motion transmittingconnection between the adjusting lever 3 and the light meter 44. Forexample, the mechanical connection can effect such adjustments of thediaphragm that the combined exposure value including the exposure timeand the aperture size remains unchanged in response to changes inexposure time. The mechanical connection can rotate or it can effecttranslatory movements of the light meter. Also. such mechanicalconnection can change the bias of the spring which maintains the outputmember of the light meter in zero position, i.e.. the connection canchange the initial position of the output member. Still further, theadjusting lever 3 can be directly coupled with the diaphragm 45 or withan analogous diaphragm. For example, angular movements of the lever 3about the axis of the pivot pin 2 can bring about adjustments in theposition of the pivot of one diaphragm vane with reference to the pivotof the other diaphragm vane. Of course, it is also possible to provide amask or a filter which is movable in front of the photoelectric resistor43. to thereby influence the circuit of the light meter in response tomovements of adjusting lever 3 in a direction to change the exposuretime. Such a mask or filter then determinesthe amount of scene lightwhich can reach the light-sensitive surface of the resistor 43. However,it was found that the operator of a camera wherein one, two or more butnot all adjustments of the shutter result in appropriate adjustments ofthe diaphragm can make satisfactory exposures in all (or nearly all)situations in which a motion picture camera is normally used.

The aforedescribed different methods of adjusting the diaphragm inresponse to adjustment of the shutter can be employed in the illustratedcamera with minimal changes in its design. Thus, instead of relying onthe resistors 40 and 41, the ..camera'may employ a mask or a filterwhich is moved in front of the photoelectric resistor 43 in response tomovement of the locking element 31 into the notch 32 or 33 to therebyinfluence the setting of the diaphragm as a function of selectedexposure time. In other words, the arrangement which effects adjustmentsof the diaphragm 45 or a similar diaphragm in selected first (angular)positions of the adjusting lever 3 may include mechanical, opticaland/or electrical means. Electrical means are preferred at this timebecause they occupy little room which is of particular importance incompact motion picture cameras. The resistance of the resistor 41 isdifferent from that of the resistor 40 and, when connected in parallelwith the photosensitive resistor 43, the resistor 40 or 41 reduces thevoltage at the terminals of the light meter 44 which is analogous toareduced scene brightness so that the diaphragm 45 then defines anaperture of greater size. Of course, the resistances of the resistors40, 41 are selected in such a way that the change in aperture size inresponse to movement of the locking element 31. into the notch 32 or 33is a function of the corresponding exposure time, i.c., that thecombined exposure value including the exposure time of oneadjustment ofthe aperture size so that the combination of exposure time and aperturesize is best suited for exposures at the changed scene brightness.

The camera is preferably provided with conventional indicating meanswhich can warn the user that the intensity of scene light is too low orexcessive for a satisfactory exposure. Such indicating means normallycomprises a flag or a needle which is observable in the view finder orin a separate window and registers with a mark indicating unsatisfactoryexposures when the scene light is too weak and/or when the aperture sizeis too small.

It is also possible to replace the adjusting lever 3 with a resilientadjusting member which must be deformed in order to move from startingposition toward and beyond the position corresponding to that shown at3A. lts innate resiliency then tends to maintain the adjusting member instarting position. Furthermore, the spring 5 can be replaced by a leafspring or by other biasing means which can urge a rigid or an elasticadjusting member to starting position. The same holds true for theelastic detent means 36 which can be replaced by other detent means (forexample, by one or more leaf springs) capable of urging the adjustingmember to one of its first positions in which the adjusting membermerely adjusts the shutter 4 or to a second position when the adjustingmember reaches a selected first position. Of course, the adjustingmember may be a slide which moves lengthwise or sideways to effectadjustments of the shutter 4 and sideways or lengthwise to adjust thediaphragm 45.

Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist ofthe present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge,readily adapt it for various applications without omitting featureswhich fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic andspecific aspects of our contribution to the art.

What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent isset forth in the appended:

lclaim:

1. In a motion picture camera, a combination comprising first adjustableexposure value setting means arranged to furnish a range of aperturesizes as a function of scene brightness;.second adjustable exposurevalue setting means arranged to furnish a range of exposure times; andadjusting means movable between a plurality of first positions in eachof which said adjusting means adjusts only one of said setting means tofurnish a different exposure value, said adjusting means being movableto a second position from at least one of said first positions thereofto thereby adjust only the other setting means as a function of theadjustment of said one setting means in said one first position of theadjusting means.

2. A combination as defined in claim 1, wherein the direction ofmovement of said adjusting means to said second position issubstantially normal to the direction of movement of said adjustingmeans between said first positions thereof.

3. A combination as defined in claim 1, wherein said one setting meansis said second setting means.

4. A combination as defined in claim 3, wherein said adjusting means ismovable to said second position from at least one first position whichcorresponds to a predetermined exposure time.

5. A combination as defined in claim 3, wherein said one setting meansis a rotary shutter including a pair of blades defining betweenthemselves a light-transmitting opening and wherein one of said bladesis movable with reference to the other blade to change the area of saidopening and to thus change the exposure time, said adjusting means beingarranged to move said one blade with reference to said other blade inresponse to movement between said first positions thereof.

6. A combination as defined in claim 1, further comprising means forbiasing said adjusting means to one of said first positions thereof.

7. A combination as defined in claim ll, wherein said adjusting means ismovable to a second position in each of said first positions thereof.

8. A combination as defined in claim I, further comprising detent meansfor yieldably holding said adjusting means for movement between saidfirst positions thereof.

9. A combination as defined in claim 1, further comprising detent meansfor yieldably holding said adjusting means against movement from saidsecond position thereof.

B0. A combination as defined in claim 1, wherein said other settingmeans is said first setting means and comprises an adjustable diaphragmand electric means for adjusting said diaphragm in response to movementof said adjusting means to said second position.

H. A combination as defined in claim 10, wherein said electric meanscomprises a circuit and resistor means connectable into said circuit inresponse to movement of said adjusting means to said second position.

12. A combination as defined in claim 11, wherein said adjusting meansis movable to a plurality of second positions and said electric meanscomprises a plurality of resistor means each having a differentresistance and each connectable into said circuit in response tomovement of said adjusting means to a different second position.

13. A combination as defined in claim 12, further comprising locatingmeans for removably locating said adjusting means in each of said secondpositions thereof.

14. A combination as defined in claim 13, wherein said circuit comprisesphotosensitive means and wherein said adjusting means comprises terminalmeans for connecting the respective resistor means in parallel with saidphotosensitive means in the correspondin second positions thereof.

IS. A combination as efined in claim 13, wherein said locating meanscomprises a member provided with a plurality of notches and saidadjusting means comprises a locking portion which enters one of saidnotches in response to movement of said adjusting means to correspondingsecond position.

16. A combination as defined in claim 1, wherein said first positionsinclude a starting position and an end position and wherein said onesetting means is said second setting means, said adjusting means beingarranged to reduce the exposure time from a longest exposure time toexposure time of zero length in response to movement from said startingposition to said end position.

17. A combination as defined in claim 16, wherein said one setting meanscomprises rotary shutter means and further comprising drive means forsaid rotary shutter means and means for arresting said drive means inresponse to movement of said adjusting means to said end position.

llfi. A combination as defined in claim 17, wherein said drive meanscomprises electric motor means and said arresting means comprisesnormally closed limit switch means in the circuit of said motor means,said adjusting means being arranged to open said switch means in saidend position thereof.

19. A combination as defined in claim 1, wherein said adjusting meanscomprises an adjusting member which is pivotable about a fixed axis tomove between said first positions thereof and is arranged to moveradially of said axis to assume or to leave said second positionthereof.

1. In a motion picture camera, a combination comprising first adjustableexposure value setting means arranged to furnish a range of aperturesizes as a function of scene brightness; second adjustable exposurevalue setting means arranged to furnish a range of exposure times; andadjusting means movable between a plurality of first positions in eachof which said adjusting means adjusts only one of said setting means tofurnish a different exposure value, said adjusting means being movableto a second position from at least one of said first positions thereofto thereby adjust only the other setting means as a function of theadjustment of said one setting means in said one first position of theadjusting means.
 2. A combination as defined in claim 1, wherein thedirection of movement of said adjusting means to said second position issubstantially normal to the direction of movement of said adjustingmeans between said first positions thereof.
 3. A combination as definedin claim 1, wherein said one setting means is said second setting means.4. A combination as defined in claim 3, wherein said adjusting means ismovable to said second position from at least one first position whichcorresponds to a predetermined exposure time.
 5. A combination asdefined in claim 3, wherein said one setting means is a rotary shutterincluding a pair of blades defining between themselves alight-transmitting opening and wherein one of said blades is movablewith reference to the other blade to change the area of said opening andto thus change the exposure time, said adjusting means being arranged tomove said one blade with reference to said other blade in response tomovement between said first positions thereof.
 6. A combination asdefined in claim 1, further comprising means for biasing said adjustingmeans to one of said first positions thereof.
 7. A combination asdefined in claim 1, wherein said adjusting means is movable to a secondposition in each of said first positions thereof.
 8. A combination asdefined in claim 1, further comprising detent means for yieldablyholding said adjusting means for movement between said first positionsthereof.
 9. A combination as defined in claim 1, further comprisingdetent means for yieldably holding said adjusting means against movementfrom said second position thereof.
 10. A combination as defined in claim1, wherein said other setting means is said first setting means andcomprises an adjustable diaphragm and electric means for adjusting saiddiaphragm in response to movement of said adjusting means to said secondposition.
 11. A combination as defined in claim 10, wherein saidelectric means comprises a circuit and resistor means connectable intosaid circuit in response to movement of said adjusting means to saidsecond position.
 12. A combination as defined in claim 11, wherein saidadjusting means is movable to a plurality of second positions and saidelectric means comprises a plurality of resistor means each having adifferent resistance and each connectable into said circuit in responseto movement of said adjusting means to a different second position. 13.A combination as defined in claim 12, further comprising locating meansfor removably locating said adjusting means in each of said secondpositions thereof.
 14. A combination as defined in claim 13, whereinsaid circuit comprises photosensitive means and wherein said adjustingmeans comprises terminal means for connecting the respective resistormeans in parallel with said photosensitive means in the correspondingsecond positions thereof.
 15. A combination as defined in claim 13,wherein said locating means comprises a member provided with a pluralityof notches and said adjusting means comprises a locking portion whichenters one of said notches in response to movement of said adjustingmeans to corresponding second position.
 16. A combination as defined inclaim 1, wherein said first positions include a starting position and anend position and wherein said one setting means is said second settingmeans, said adjusting means being arranged to reduce the exposure timefrom a longest exposure time to exposure time of zero length in responseto movement from said starting position to said end position.
 17. Acombination as defined in claim 16, wherein said one setting meanscomprises rotary shutter means and further comprising drive means forsaid rotary shutter means and means for arresting said drive means inresponse to movement of said adjusting means to said end position.
 18. Acombination as defined in claim 17, wherein said drive means compriseselectric motor means and said arresting means comprises normally closedlimit switch means in the circuit of said motor means, said adjustingmeans being arranged to open said switch means in said end positionthereof.
 19. A coMbination as defined in claim 1, wherein said adjustingmeans comprises an adjusting member which is pivotable about a fixedaxis to move between said first positions thereof and is arranged tomove radially of said axis to assume or to leave said second positionthereof.